What happens to my mother if I go to jail and she can't take care of herself?

I would assume u have a lawyer. Ask him. Depending on how serious this is maybe the judge will be lenient knowing ur Mom's caregiver.

If you are in jail there would be little you could do. Somebody from the outside would have to step in. Maybe you could ask someone to keep an eye out on her. If she has serious health problems, the state may step in to make sure she gets care.

That really depends on what you mean by "can't take care of herself." A bit more information would be very helpful.