My disabled patient lives with me in my home. How do I claim this on my taxes

Ifr he's not a relative, he has to live with you for an entire calendar year, January to January. If he pays you, his income may be too high for him to qualify as a dependent.

Tell us more about the situation, and we can advise you more.

This link defines what the IRS considers a dependent.

If he is your patient, I assume he is paying you, it may be difficult to ,event the requirements.