When you are taking care of a person with Alzheimer's disease, every day brings new challenges. Just when you think you've got the hang of it, the disease progresses, and a new host of issues crop up. New patterns of behavior start to surface. The person becomes less able to perform once-familiar tasks and relies more heavily on you.
Here are some tips for coping with some of the most common challenges that people caring for a loved one with Alzheimer's face.
Communication
Trying to communicate with an elderly person who has Alzheimer's Disease or dementia can be a challenge. Both understanding and being understood may be difficult.
- Choose simple words and short sentences and use a gentle, calm tone of voice.
Avoid talking to the person with AD like a baby or talking about the person as if he or she weren't there.
- Minimize distractions and noise—such as the television or radio—to help the person focus on what you are saying.
- Call the person by name, making sure you have his or her attention before speaking.
- Allow enough time for a response. Be careful not to interrupt.
- If the person with Alzheimer's Disease or dementia is struggling to find a word or communicate a thought, gently try to provide the word he or she is looking for.
- Try to frame questions and instructions in a positive way.
Incontinence
As the disease progresses, many elderly people AD begin to experience incontinence, or the inability to control their bladder and/or bowels. Incontinence can be upsetting to the person and difficult for the caregiver. Sometimes incontinence is due to physical illness, so be sure to discuss it with the person's doctor. Here are some tips for caregivers:
- Have a routine for taking the person to the bathroom and stick to it as closely as possible. For example, take the person to the bathroom every 3 hours or so during the day. Don't wait for the person to ask.
- Watch for signs that the person may have to go to the bathroom, such as restlessness or pulling at clothes. Respond quickly.
- Be understanding when accidents occur. Stay calm and reassure the person if he or she is upset. Try to keep track of when accidents happen to help plan ways to avoid them.
- To help prevent nighttime accidents, limit certain types of fluids—such as those with caffeine—in the evening.
- If you are going to be out with the person, plan ahead. Know where restrooms are located, and have the person wear simple, easy-to-remove clothing. Take an extra set of clothing along in case of an accident.