Will getting a loan to pay off credit cards affect my Medicaid/Medicare?

Getting a loan won't affect Medicare.

In order to obtain a loan, one would need to show the banker/loan officer that you would have the ability to pay back that loan, thus with a good work record, and/or collateral such as a house, stocks, bonds, trust fund, etc. If you have such collateral [except for the house], chances are you wouldn't qualify for Medicaid.

It might be better to pay off the credit cards a little at a time [yes, I know it is high interest rates], and in the mean time cut up all those credit cards and use cash only for purchases, until such time you are back on your feet financially.