I was a live-in caregiver. My care recipient died. Can I be asked to leave?

Yes, of course you can be asked to leave. It may be required that you be given a notice of a certain length, but surely you don't expect to stay there indefinitely. Does your contract cover this eventuality?

Can you give us more information. Your profile mentioned you were caring for a friend. How long were you the caregiver for this person? Did your friend promised you could remain in the residence? Did you have a contract with this friend for caregiving? Did you have a lease on the residence?

You can be required to leave with proper notice (30 days in most states) You may also be eligible for unemployment compensation. Look into that.