Drugs to specifically treat some progressive dementias are now available. Although these drugs do not halt the disease or reverse existing brain damage, they can improve symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. This may improve an individual's quality of life, ease the burden on caregivers, or delay admission to a nursing home.
Many researchers are also examining whether these drugs may be useful for treating other types of dementia. Many people with dementia, particularly those in the early stages, may benefit from practicing tasks designed to improve performance in specific aspects of cognitive functioning. For example, people can sometimes be taught to use memory aids, such as mnemonics, computerized recall devices or note taking.
What is the Prognosis?
There are many disorders that can cause dementia. Some, such as Alzheimer's disease or Huntington's disease, lead to a progressive loss of mental functions. But other types of dementia can be halted or reversed with appropriate treatment. People with moderate or advanced dementia typically need round-the-clock care and supervision to prevent them from harming themselves or others. They also may need assistance with daily activities such as eating, bathing and dressing.
What To Do if You Are Worried About A Parent's Memory
Caregivers who are worried about their aging parent's memory problems should make sure he or she sees a doctor. The doctor might conduct or order a thorough physical and mental health evaluation to reach a diagnosis. If your doctor thinks it's serious, your elderly parent may need to have a complete checkup, including blood and urine tests. Your elderly parent may also need to take tests that check memory, problem solving, counting and language skills. In addition, he or she may need a CAT scan of the brain. These pictures can show normal and problem areas in the brain. Once the doctor finds out what is causing the memory problems, ask about what is the best treatment for your parent.
A complete medical exam for memory loss should review the person's medical history, including the use of prescription and over-the-counter medicines, diet, past medical problems and general health. A correct diagnosis depends on accurate details, so in addition to talking with the patient, the doctor might ask a family member, caregiver or close friend for information.
Blood and urine tests can help the doctor find the cause of the memory problems or dementia. The doctor also might do tests for memory loss and test the person's problem-solving and language abilities. A computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scan may help rule out some causes of the memory problems.